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Panlong Subtownship is a subtownship of the Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State.〔(Map of Shan State )〕 It is one of the divisions of the Wa State. Its main town is Pan Lon, also known as Panlong and Pang Long, which was settled in the 19th century by Panthay people, mainly followers of Du Wenxiu, who had found refuge in the Wa States after having suffered persecution in China. The refugees were allowed to reside in the town by paying a tribute to the local Wa ''saopha''. ==History== In the latter half of the nineteenth century the adherents to the Panthay cause, chiefly Hui migrants from Dali, Baoshan, Shanning, Menghua and elsewhere in southern and western Yunnan, were persecuted by the imperial mandarins in China. Wholesale massacres of Panthays followed. Many fled with their families across the Burmese border and took refuge in the Wa States where, about 1875, they set up the exclusively Panthay town of Panlong, becoming the ''de facto'' rulers of the area as their wealth and power increased.〔Scott, J. George, GUBSS, 1, i (Rangoon Government Printing, 1900), p. 740〕 According to Sir George Scott, at least 15 years after the collapse of the Yunnan Muslim Rebellion, the original Panthay settlements had grown to include numbers of Shan and other hill peoples. Scott considered the Panthays the wealthiest and most powerful community in the border region of the Shan States. He further mentioned that there was scarcity of water in Panglong while describing the town:〔Scott, James George, Sir. 1935. ''The Wa or Lawa: Head-Hunters. In Burma and Beyond.''〕 In addition to the main settlement of Panglong, two other smaller Panthay〔(Panthay; Burmese Chinese Muslims )〕 villages 'which had about eighty houses', Panyao and Pachang, were established about 12 miles distant to the south and east respectively. The dominant group in the villages were the Panthay. George Scott comments that these Chinese Muslims were 'all merchants, mule-owners and men of substance'. Considering this wealth Scott concluded that it was only the military prowess and superior armaments of the Panthay which kept their annual tribute to the Wa ''saopha'' of Son Mu, one of the northern trans-Salween Wa States,〔("Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states" )〕 fixed at the low figure of 100 rupees per annum. By the time Scott visited Panglong – at least 15 years after the collapse of the Yunnan Muslim Rebellion – the original Panthay settlements had grown to include numbers of Shan and other hill peoples. The Panthay were, generally speaking, affluent enough to employ these more recent settlers as mule-drivers and 'to do the drudgery generally'. In large measure this affluence must have been due the lifting of the Qing proscription on Hui settlement in Yunnan (c. 1888-1890), as a result of which the Panglong "Panthays" were able to re-establish trading contacts with their fellows remaining settled within Yunnan. As a result of this development, a number of the original refugees returned to China, merely maintaining agents at Panglong; certainly Scott noted that as many of the Panthay caravan traded into China as throughout the Shan States from Panglong. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Panlong Subtownship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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